What is Cytoxan?:
While the main use of Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) is as a chemotherapy agent, it is used primarily as an immunosuppressive for treating lupus. Immunosuppressives are used in the treatment of lupus for two main reasons:
- They are potent drugs and help control disease activity in major organs, and, as stated,
- May reduce or eliminate the need for steroids.
It is available only by prescription.
It should be noted that mycophenolic acid has been shown to significantly reduce steroid dosage for patients with lupus nephritis or treatment-resistant systemic lupus erythematosus, and is considered a first-line therapy for lupus nephritis, often replacing cyclophosphamide.
How does it work?:
Before taking Cytoxan, inform your doctor if you:
- Are pregnant, or considering becoming pregnant (cyclophosphamide may interfere with the normal menstrual cycle in women and may stop sperm production in men)
- Are Breastfeeding
- Have or have ever had kidney disease
- Are allergic to cyclophosphamide or any other drugs.
When should you take Cytoxan?:
Usually delivered intravenously, but can be taken orally. Taken orally, dosage is based on your medical condition, weight, response to therapy, and treatments you may be receiving. Your doctor will determine the correct dosage and regimen.
What are possible side effects?:
Side-effects include:
- Thin, brittle hair
- Darkened and thickened skin
- Blistering skin or acne
- Loss of appetite or weight
- Fatigue
Serious side effects include:
- Pink/bloody urine
- Mouth sores, blistering
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
- Joint pain
- Easy bruising/bleeding
- Black/bloody stools
- Severe stomach/abdominal pain
- Swelling of the ankles/feet
- Cough
- Congestion
- Fever
- Dizziness
- Chills
- Shortness of breath
- Sort throat
Contact your doctor if you experience any of the seriouis side effects above.
It should also be noted that cyclophosphamide is carcinogenic, potentially associated with the development of various types of cancers.
Is there a generic version?:
Yes, called cyclophosphamide.
Sources:
Cyclophosphamide. Medlineplus Drug Information. Last revised April 2003.
Immune Suppressants. Lupus Foundation of America.
Glomerular DiseasesNational Kidney and Urological Diseases Information Clearinghouse. NIH Publication No. 07–4358. April 2006.
